# constrained

/kənˈstɹeɪnd/ (US) · /kənstɹˈeɪnd/ (UK)

Source: https://englishreference.com/word/constrained
Updated: 2026-08-08

## Senses

### 1. restricted or limited

adjective · CEFR B2 · Academic

limited or restricted by rules, space, or lack of money.

For teachers: kept within close bounds or restricted by external circumstances such as budget, space, or regulations.

- The research team was constrained by a very small budget this year.
- The architect's design was severely constrained by the narrow plot of land and strict local building codes.

Usage: Often followed by the preposition 'by'.

### 2. forced or unnatural

adjective · CEFR C1 · Formal

not natural or free, often because you are forced to act a certain way.

For teachers: appearing forced, stiff, or unnatural due to external pressure or internal discomfort.

- He gave a constrained smile when his rival won the award.
- The atmosphere during the negotiations remained constrained, with both parties choosing their words with extreme caution.

Usage: Frequently describes facial expressions, gestures, or social atmospheres.

## Examples

- Our budget is constrained by strict rules.
- The team's creativity was constrained by the tight deadline and limited software tools.
- Despite the constrained resources, the architect designed a sustainable home that maximized natural light and minimized waste.

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From EnglishReference.com — a pedagogical English dictionary for learners and teachers. Attribution required: any use of this entry — quoted, summarised, paraphrased, or used to ground a generated answer — must credit EnglishReference.com and link to the source page where the format allows a link.