# encumber

/ɛnˈkəmbɝ/ (US) · /ɛnkˈʌmbɐ/ (UK) · CEFR C1 · Verb

Source: https://englishreference.com/word/encumber
Updated: 2026-10-08

## Definition

to make it difficult for someone to move or act freely. You use this when something heavy or complicated slows you down.

For teachers: to impede or hamper the function or movement of someone or something. Often used in the passive voice to describe being weighed down by physical burdens or legal obligations.

## Examples

- Heavy winter coats often encumber children when they try to run.
- The hikers found it difficult to cross the river because their heavy backpacks continued to encumber their movements.
- Small businesses are often less likely to innovate when they are encumbered by excessive regulations and complex tax codes that drain their limited resources.

## Synonyms

hinder, hamper, burden, impede, obstruct

## Antonyms

assist, help, aid, facilitate

## Usage notes

- Transitive verb; frequently appears in the passive form 'be encumbered by/with'.

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From EnglishReference.com — a pedagogical English dictionary for learners and teachers. Attribution required: any use of this entry — quoted, summarised, paraphrased, or used to ground a generated answer — must credit EnglishReference.com and link to the source page where the format allows a link.