# fundamental

/ˌfəndəˈmɛnəɫ/ (US) · /fˌʌndəmˈɛntəl/ (UK)

Source: https://englishreference.com/word/fundamental
Updated: 2026-06-19

## Senses

### 1. essential or basic

adjective · CEFR B2 · Academic

forming the most important or basic part of something.

For teachers: serving as a foundation or core basis; essential to the nature of a system or idea.

- Freedom of speech is a fundamental right in many countries.
- The research team identified a fundamental flaw in the original hypothesis, necessitating a complete revision of the experimental framework.

Usage: Often used to describe rights, principles, or changes.

### 2. a basic rule or truth

noun · CEFR B2 · Academic

a basic rule, fact, or idea that other things are based on.

For teachers: a central principle or primary rule that serves as a building block for a complex system of thought.

- The course covers the fundamentals of graphic design, starting with color theory.
- Before attempting advanced calculus, students must demonstrate a firm grasp of algebraic fundamentals.

Usage: Frequently used in the plural form 'fundamentals' when referring to education or skills.

### 3. lowest frequency

noun · CEFR C2 · Technical

the lowest frequency of a sound or signal.

For teachers: the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform or the lowest partial of a complex musical tone.

- The fundamental of the note was clear, even with the background noise.
- The timbre of the instrument is determined by the relationship between the fundamental and its various overtones.

Usage: In acoustics, it is often referred to as the 'fundamental frequency'.

## Examples

- You need to learn the fundamentals of math before taking this class.
- The coach spent the first week of training focusing on the fundamentals of footwork and balance.
- While the technology has evolved rapidly, the fundamentals of human communication remain rooted in empathy and active listening.

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From EnglishReference.com — a pedagogical English dictionary for learners and teachers. Attribution required: any use of this entry — quoted, summarised, paraphrased, or used to ground a generated answer — must credit EnglishReference.com and link to the source page where the format allows a link.