# microbial

/maɪˈkɹoʊbiəɫ/ (US) · /maɪkɹˈəʊbɪəl/ (UK) · CEFR C1 · Adjective

Source: https://englishreference.com/word/microbial
Updated: 2026-05-06

## Definition

relating to or caused by microbes, which are tiny living things like bacteria that you can only see with a microscope.

For teachers: relating to or caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Often used in scientific or medical contexts to describe life forms or processes at a microscopic scale.

## Examples

- The scientist studied the microbial life in the pond water.
- Doctors are concerned about microbial resistance to common antibiotics, which makes some infections much harder to treat.
- The unique microbial ecosystem found within the deep-sea hydrothermal vents thrives on chemical energy rather than sunlight, challenging our traditional understanding of how life can survive in extreme environments.

## Usage notes

- Typically used attributively before a noun. Frequently pairs with 'life', 'growth', or 'activity'.

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