# vertebrate

/ˈvɝtəˌbɹeɪt/ (US) · /vˈɜːtɪbɹˌeɪt/ (UK) · CEFR B2 · Noun

Source: https://englishreference.com/word/vertebrate
Updated: 2026-05-18

## Definition

an animal that has a backbone or a spine. This includes most large animals like humans, dogs, and fish.

For teachers: an animal possessing a backbone or spinal column. The term refers to the presence of a central nervous system enclosed within a series of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae.

## Examples

- Humans are vertebrates with a backbone.
- The scientist studied the development of the nervous system in various vertebrates to understand evolutionary patterns.
- While invertebrates lack a backbone, vertebrates represent a significant evolutionary leap that provides structural support and protection for the spinal cord.

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From EnglishReference.com — a pedagogical English dictionary for learners and teachers. Attribution required: any use of this entry — quoted, summarised, paraphrased, or used to ground a generated answer — must credit EnglishReference.com and link to the source page where the format allows a link.