English Reference

Word

witness

Phoneticswit·ness

US/ˈwɪtnəs/

UK/wˈɪtnəs/

Definitions

01person who sees an event

B2

n. someone who sees an event happen, especially a crime or an accident.

n. an individual who personally observes an event, typically a significant or traumatic occurrence.

“Police are asking any witnesses to the accident to come forward.”

“Several witnesses provided conflicting accounts of the altercation, making it difficult for the investigators to determine who had initiated the violence.”

Synonyms

02legal testimony

B2 · Law

n. a person who gives evidence in a court of law.

n. a person called to provide testimony or evidence under oath in a judicial proceeding.

“The witness was nervous as she stood up to answer the lawyer's questions.”

“The prosecution called a surprise witness whose testimony directly contradicted the defendant's alibi for the night in question.”

Synonyms

deponenttestifier

03official observer

B2 · Law

n. someone who watches a formal event, like a wedding or the signing of a document, to prove it happened.

n. a person present at a formal transaction or ceremony to attest to its authenticity.

“You need two witnesses to sign the contract for it to be valid.”

“The solicitor acted as a witness during the signing of the will to ensure all legal requirements were strictly followed.”

Formal

Synonyms

signatoryattestor

04to see something happen

B2

v. to see something happen with your own eyes.

v. to observe an event or development personally; often used for historical or significant occurrences.

“The city has witnessed many changes over the last fifty years.”

“Few people have witnessed such a dramatic transformation in the local economy within a single generation.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05to sign a document

C1 · Law

v. to watch someone sign a legal document and then sign it yourself to prove it is real.

v. to attest to the genuineness of a signature or document by adding one's own signature as an observer.

“The bank manager witnessed my signature on the loan application.”

“The deed must be witnessed by an independent party who has no financial interest in the property being transferred.”

Formal · Technical

Synonyms

attestcountersignvalidate

06to show or prove

C1

v. to be a sign or proof of something.

v. to serve as evidence or a clear sign of a particular quality or fact.

“His success witnesses his hard work and dedication to the project.”

“The crumbling ruins witness the former grandeur of an empire that once dominated the entire Mediterranean basin.”

Formal · Literary

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“An angling club has said a fish kill in a County Down river is the "worst environmental event" it has ever witnessed.”
BBC News · 12 Aug 2026
“Some members of the public witnessed the operation in one of the three areas across the farm that the animals were in.”
BBC News · 14 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English witnesse, from Old English ġewitnes, equivalent to wit + -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”), Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”), Icelandic vitni (“witness”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Collocations

witness the phenomenon

Word family

eyewitnessNounwitnessNoun

The word in film

Witness · 1985 · Crime

Directed by:
Peter Weir
Starring:
Harrison Ford, Viggo Mortensen, Danny Glover

Director Peter Weir tells the story of a young boy who sees a murder in a train station. Harrison Ford plays a detective who must protect this child because he is the only person who can identify the killer.

Domain

Law

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Common
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference