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Despite / In spite of / Although

B1 Intermediate

These connectors show contrast between two ideas. They explain that something happened even though there was a reason for it not to happen.

Overview

Although, despite, and in spite of all have the same basic meaning. They connect a surprising or contrasting result to a specific situation. The main difference is the grammatical structure that follows them.

Using Although

although + subject + verb

Use although before a full clause. This means you must include a subject and a verb after it.

Using Despite and In Spite Of

despite / in spite of + noun / -ing form

Use despite or in spite of before a noun, a pronoun, or a verb ending in -ing. Do not use a subject and a verb directly after these words.

Grammar Comparison

Note that despite does not use the word 'of'. Only in spite of requires it.

ConnectorFollowed by...Example
AlthoughSubject + VerbAlthough it was cold...
DespiteNoun / -ingDespite the cold...
In spite ofNoun / -ingIn spite of the cold...

Examples

Common mistakes

  • Despite of the rain, we went out.

    Despite the rain, we went out.

    Do not use 'of' after despite.

  • Although the rain, we went out.

    Although it was raining, we went out.

    Although must be followed by a clause with a verb.

Practice

  1. Complete the sentence: ______ having a headache, he enjoyed the party.

    Show answer

    Despite / In spite of

    Answer:Despite / In spite of

    Why:The sentence uses an -ing verb (having), so you must use despite or in spite of.

  2. Complete the sentence: ______ it was expensive, I bought the phone.

    Show answer

    Although

    Answer:Although

    Why:The sentence uses a subject (it) and a verb (was), which requires although.

  3. Correct the error: Despite of the noise, I slept well.

    Show answer

    Despite the noise, I slept well.

    Answer:Despite the noise, I slept well.

    Why:The word despite is never followed by 'of'.

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