Since (time) vs Since (reason)
B1 IntermediateThe word 'since' functions as a temporal marker to indicate a starting point in time or as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a reason.
Two Functions of Since
In English, since serves two distinct grammatical purposes. It can describe the time when an action began, or it can explain the reason why something is happening. When used for time, it usually requires the present perfect tense in the main clause. When used for reason, it functions similarly to 'because' or 'as'.
Time vs. Reason
Note that when since means 'because', it is often used at the beginning of a sentence to refer to a fact that the listener already knows.
| Function | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Time | From a specific point in the past until now. | I have lived here since 2010. |
| Reason | Because; due to the fact that. | Since it is raining, we will stay inside. |
Grammatical Structures
Present Perfect + since + Past Point / Clause
- Time: Since + specific point (Monday, 9:00, I was a child).
- Reason: Since + subject + verb.
Examples in Context
Common Mistakes
I am working here since three months.
I have been working here for three months.
Use 'for' for a duration of time and 'since' for a specific starting point.
Since I saw him, he looks different.
Since I saw him, he has looked different.
When 'since' refers to time, the main clause typically uses a perfect tense.
Practice
Identify the function of 'since' in this sentence: 'Since the flight is delayed, we should get some coffee.'
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Reason
Answer:Reason
Why:In this context, 'since' explains why the speakers should get coffee; it means 'because'.
Complete the sentence: 'I ________ (not see) him since last Tuesday.'
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have not seen
Answer:have not seen
Why:When 'since' indicates a starting point in time, the present perfect is required for the action continuing until now.
True or False: 'Since' can only be used at the beginning of a sentence when it means 'because'.
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False
Answer:False
Why:While common at the start, 'since' meaning 'because' can also appear in the middle of a sentence (e.g., 'We stayed home since it was cold').