English Reference
verb · interjection

affirm

v. · interj.
US /əˈfɝm/ UK /ɐfˈɜːm/ af·firm UK spelling affirmed, affirms

  1. 01 C1 Advanced Formal

    v.to state strongly and publicly that something is true.

    v.to assert something positively or maintain it as true with confidence.

    Simple

    The spokesperson continued to affirm that the company had done nothing wrong.

    In context

    Throughout the cross-examination, the witness continued to affirm her original statement despite the lawyer's attempts to confuse her.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to show that you support a person, a feeling, or a choice.

    v.to provide emotional support or validation for a person's identity, experiences, or values.

    Simple

    It is important for parents to affirm their children's efforts, not just their grades.

    In context

    The therapist worked to affirm the patient's feelings, helping them build the confidence needed to make significant life changes.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced FormalTechnical Law

    v.to officially agree with a legal decision made by a lower court.

    v.to confirm or ratify a judgment, decree, or order brought before an appellate court for review.

    Simple

    The Supreme Court chose to affirm the lower court's decision.

    In context

    The appellate court moved to affirm the original ruling, citing a lack of procedural errors during the initial trial.

  4. 04 C2 Proficiency FormalTechnical Law

    v.to make a serious promise to tell the truth in court without swearing a religious oath.

    v.to make a solemn declaration under the penalty of perjury, used by those who object to taking a religious oath.

    Simple

    The witness asked to affirm rather than swear on a Bible.

    In context

    In many jurisdictions, individuals have the right to affirm their testimony if their personal beliefs preclude the taking of a traditional oath.

  5. 05 C1 Advanced Technical Science

    interj.a word used in radio communication to mean 'yes' or 'correct'.

    interj.a standard procedural word used in radiotelephony to signify an affirmative response, avoiding the phonetic ambiguity of 'yes'.

    Simple

    The pilot replied 'affirm' when the tower asked if they were ready for takeoff.

    In context

    The air traffic controller waited for the pilot to affirm the heading change before clearing the next aircraft for approach.

    Usage

    Used primarily in aviation and military radio protocols.

Research published in Science in 2026 examined sycophantic AI : systems that excessively affirm the user's views or behavior, even when challenging them would be more appropriate.

Phys.org· 2 Sept 2026

Large language models tend to affirm, accommodate and keep users engaged.

Phys.org· 7 Sept 2026

From Middle English affermen, from Old French afermer, affermer, from Latin affirmare, adfirmare (“to present as fixed, aver, affirm”), from ad (“to”) + firmare (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin affirmare
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated