English Reference
adverb · adjective

backwards

adv. · adj.
US /ˈbækwɝdz/ UK /bˈækwədz/ back·wards

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate

    adv.doing something in the opposite order, from the end to the beginning.

    adv.in a reverse direction or order from the usual one.

    Simple

    Can you say the alphabet backwards starting from Z?

    In context

    The witness was asked to recount the events backwards to see if his story remained consistent under pressure.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.facing or moving toward the back.

    adj.directed or moving toward the rear.

    Simple

    He took a quick backwards step when he saw the snake.

    In context

    The sudden backwards motion of the train caused several standing passengers to lose their balance and grab the handrails.

    rearwardregressive
  3. 03 C1 Advanced Informal

    adv.to know a subject or a piece of information perfectly.

    adv.to have thorough or complete knowledge of something; used in the idiom 'to know something backwards'.

    Simple

    She has been studying for weeks and knows the material backwards.

    In context

    The lead engineer knew the schematics backwards, allowing him to identify the fault without even looking at the manual.

    thoroughlyinside out

Etymology 1

From backward + -s. See also -s (“used in the formation of certain adverbs: backwards, downwards, inwards, etc.”).

Etymology 2

From Middle English bakwardis, bakwardis, a variant of Middle English bakwarde, bakward (“backward”). Equivalent to backward + -s. Compare Saterland Frisian bäkove (“backwards”).

Etymology 3

An inflection.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated