English Reference

Word

bourgeois

Phoneticsbour·geois

/ˈbʊɹʒwɑ/

Definitions

01middle-class and conventional

C1

adj. having the habits and values of the middle class, often in a way that seems boring or too focused on money.

adj. relating to the middle class, typically with a pejorative connotation of being overly conventional, materialistic, or preoccupied with social status.

“They live a very bourgeois life with their expensive car and perfect garden.”

“The artist mocked the bourgeois values of his parents, claiming their obsession with respectability stifled any true creativity.”

Formal

Usage

Often used as a criticism rather than a neutral description.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02capitalist

C1 · Politics

adj. relating to the people who own businesses and property in a capitalist system.

adj. relating to the ruling class in a capitalist society who own the means of production.

“The book discusses the rise of bourgeois society during the industrial revolution.”

“Marxist critics argued that the legal system was merely a bourgeois instrument designed to protect private property at the expense of the workers.”

Academic

Synonyms

Antonyms

03a middle-class person

C1

n. a person who belongs to the middle class or has middle-class values.

n. an individual belonging to the middle class or the capitalist class.

“He was a typical bourgeois who cared mostly about his bank account.”

“The play satirizes the aspirations of a wealthy bourgeois who desperately wants to be accepted by the old aristocracy.”

Formal

Synonyms

middle-class person

04printing type size

C2 · Technical

n. a specific size of small printed letters used in old books.

n. a size of printing type, approximately 9 points, situated between brevier and long primer.

“The old newspaper was printed in bourgeois type, making it hard to read.”

“The manual was set in bourgeois, a common choice for nineteenth-century technical publications requiring high information density.”

Archaic · Technical

Synonyms

9-point type

Real-World Examples

“The predicaments and predilections of Sunny and Sonia’s Allahabad relatives create a low-key bourgeois comedy: stranded single aunts, genteel impoverishment, the wrangle over a cook famed for his kebabs.”
The Guardian · 18 Sept 2026
“But a realist novel centred on a bourgeois subject in today’s globalised world can in fact move across space and time.”
The Guardian · 16 Aug 2026

Domains

HistoryPoliticsPrinting

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

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English Reference