English Reference
verb · noun · adjective

brood

v. · n. · adj.
US /ˈbɹud/ UK /bɹˈuːd/ brood UK spelling broods

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to think a lot about something that makes you unhappy, worried, or angry.

    v.to dwell on a subject or emotion with morbid or moody persistence. Often used with the prepositions 'on', 'over', or 'about'.

    Simple

    It is not healthy to brood over your mistakes for so long.

    In context

    After the promotion was denied, he spent the entire weekend brooding over the perceived injustice of the committee's decision.

    Usage

    Usually intransitive; typically followed by 'on', 'over', or 'about'.

    dwellmoperuminate
  2. 02 C1 Advanced Technical

    v.to sit on eggs to keep them warm until they hatch.

    v.to incubate eggs by sitting upon them; by extension, to protect or foster something maturing.

    Simple

    The mother hen will brood her eggs until the chicks are ready.

    In context

    The female eagle remained on the nest to brood the clutch, protecting the developing embryos from the harsh mountain winds.

    Usage

    Can be used transitively or intransitively.

    incubatehatch
  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    n.a group of young birds or other animals born at the same time to one mother.

    n.a number of young produced or hatched at one birth or clutch, specifically in birds or social insects.

    Simple

    A brood of ducklings followed their mother across the pond.

    In context

    The beekeeper inspected the hive to ensure the health of the new brood before the winter months arrived.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced HumorousInformal

    n.a person's children, especially if there are many of them.

    n.the children of one family; often used to describe a large group of offspring.

    Simple

    She took her whole brood to the beach for the afternoon.

    In context

    The old farmhouse was barely large enough to accommodate his sister's entire brood during the holidays.

  5. 05 C2 Proficiency Technical Science

    n.heavy waste material found when digging for metals like tin or copper.

    n.heavy waste or impurities found in tin and copper ores during the mining process.

    Simple

    The miners had to separate the valuable copper from the brood.

    In context

    Historical records from the Cornish mines indicate that large quantities of brood were often discarded near the pit heads.

    ore
  6. 06 C1 Advanced Technical

    adj.describes an animal kept specifically to produce young.

    adj.denoting an animal, especially a bird or horse, kept for the purpose of breeding.

    Simple

    The farmer kept a few brood hens to ensure a supply of new chicks.

    In context

    The estate was famous for its brood mares, which had produced several championship-winning racehorses over the decades.

    Usage

    Attributive use only; placed before the noun.

It follows news that the Sussexes’ brood of chickens are remaining at their home in California to be cared for there.

BreakingNews.ie· 25 Aug 2026

Therefore, a single application of bait often produces temporary relief from the pests because another invasion can occur when the queen hatches a new brood.

Phys.org· 17 Aug 2026

From Middle English brood, brod, from Old English brōd (“brood; foetus; breeding, hatching”), from Proto-Germanic brōduz (“heat, breeding”), from Proto-Indo-European bʰreh₁- (“breath, mist, vapour, steam”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *bʰreh₁-
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated