English Reference
noun · verb

bugger

n. · v.
US /ˈbəɡɝ/ UK /bˈʌɡɐ/ bug·ger UK spelling bugger's, bugger's

  1. 01 C1 Advanced British EnglishInformal

    n.a word for a person, often used when you feel sorry for them or like them.

    n.a person, typically a male, viewed with a degree of affection, pity, or casual familiarity.

    Simple

    The poor bugger has been working all weekend to finish the report.

    In context

    He is a lucky bugger to have won the lottery twice in one decade.

    Usage

    Often preceded by an adjective like 'poor', 'lucky', or 'silly'.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced British EnglishInformalSlang

    n.something that is very difficult, annoying, or hard to deal with.

    n.a situation, task, or object that is particularly difficult, aggravating, or troublesome.

    Simple

    This bolt is a real bugger to get off without the right tool.

    In context

    The new software update has been a total bugger to install on the older machines.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the construction 'a bugger to [verb]'.

    breezedoddle
  3. 03 C1 Advanced British EnglishSlangVulgar

    n.a rude way to describe someone you think is very bad or annoying.

    n.a contemptible or unpleasant person; used as a mild to moderate insult.

    Simple

    Don't believe a word he says; he's a nasty little bugger.

    In context

    The old bugger refused to return the ball when it went over his fence.

    Teacher's tip

    While common in the UK, this can still be considered offensive in formal or polite company.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced British EnglishSlangVulgar

    v.to break something or make it stop working.

    v.to damage, ruin, or render something non-functional.

    Simple

    I think I've buggered the computer by spilling coffee on the keyboard.

    In context

    The heavy rain has completely buggered our chances of finishing the roof today.

    Usage

    Often used in the passive voice or as a past participle adjective ('it's buggered').

  5. 05 C2 Proficiency British EnglishSlangVulgar

    v.a very rude way to say you do not care about something or want it to go away.

    v.used to express contemptuous dismissal or total lack of concern for something.

    Simple

    Bugger the consequences, I'm going to tell him exactly what I think.

    In context

    He decided to bugger the diet and ordered a large pizza for himself.

    Usage

    Used as an imperative verb followed by a direct object.

  6. 06 C2 Proficiency TechnicalVulgar Law

    v.to have anal sex with someone.

    v.to perform anal intercourse; the legal and technical term for this is buggery.

    Simple

    The historical text described the laws used to prosecute those who buggered others.

    In context

    In many jurisdictions, the specific act of buggering was treated as a distinct criminal offense until recent decades.

    Usage

    This is the literal, non-slang meaning and is highly sensitive.

    sodomize

I’d bugger it up and they’d start laughing.” Then there was the day he landed in trouble with the boss.

The Guardian· 13 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English bougre (“heretic”), from Old French bougre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus (“Bulgar”), from Old Church Slavonic блъгаринъ (blŭgarinŭ, “Bulgarian”), used in designation of heretics (especially the Bogomils, who arose around the 10th century AD in the First Bulgarian Empire), to whom various sexual practices such as anal sex were ascribed. Doublet of Bulgar.

Etymology 2

From bug (noun) + -er.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin cu блъгаринъ
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Occasional
Updated