English Reference

Word

bugger

Phoneticsbug·ger, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈbəɡɝ/

UK/bˈʌɡɐ/

Definitions

01a person (affectionate or neutral)

C1 · Advanced Countable noun British English · Informal

n. a word for a person, often used when you feel sorry for them or like them.

n. a person, typically a male, viewed with a degree of affection, pity, or casual familiarity.

“The poor bugger has been working all weekend to finish the report.”

“He is a lucky bugger to have won the lottery twice in one decade.”

Synonyms

02an annoying thing or situation

C1 · Advanced Countable noun British English · Informal · Slang

n. something that is very difficult, annoying, or hard to deal with.

n. a situation, task, or object that is particularly difficult, aggravating, or troublesome.

“This bolt is a real bugger to get off without the right tool.”

“The new software update has been a total bugger to install on the older machines.”

Antonyms

breezedoddle

03a despicable person

C1 · Advanced Countable noun British English · Slang · Vulgar

n. a rude way to describe someone you think is very bad or annoying.

n. a contemptible or unpleasant person; used as a mild to moderate insult.

“Don't believe a word he says; he's a nasty little bugger.”

“The old bugger refused to return the ball when it went over his fence.”

04to break or ruin

C1 · Advanced British English · Slang · Vulgar

v. to break something or make it stop working.

v. to damage, ruin, or render something non-functional.

“I think I've buggered the computer by spilling coffee on the keyboard.”

“The heavy rain has completely buggered our chances of finishing the roof today.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05to dismiss or ignore

C2 · Proficiency British English · Slang · Vulgar

v. a very rude way to say you do not care about something or want it to go away.

v. used to express contemptuous dismissal or total lack of concern for something.

“Bugger the consequences, I'm going to tell him exactly what I think.”

“He decided to bugger the diet and ordered a large pizza for himself.”

Synonyms

06sexual act

C2 · Proficiency Law Technical · Vulgar

v. to have anal sex with someone.

v. to perform anal intercourse; the legal and technical term for this is buggery.

“The historical text described the laws used to prosecute those who buggered others.”

“In many jurisdictions, the specific act of buggering was treated as a distinct criminal offense until recent decades.”

Synonyms

sodomize

Real-World Examples

“I think they just see you and think: ah, he’s a silly bugger.” R adio!!”
The Guardian 2 Oct 2026
“I’d bugger it up and they’d start laughing.” Then there was the day he landed in trouble with the boss.”
The Guardian 13 Aug 2026
“Overhead lights (or the “big light” as it was always known to me until I met posh people) are primarily for switching on when you’d like everyone to bugger off.”
The Guardian 3 Sept 2022

Etymology

From Middle English bougre (“heretic”), from Old French bougre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus (“Bulgar”), from Old Church Slavonic блъгаринъ (blŭgarinŭ, “Bulgarian”), used in designation of heretics (especially the Bogomils, who arose around the 10th century AD in the First Bulgarian Empire), to whom various sexual practices such as anal sex were ascribed. Doublet of Bulgar.

From bug (noun) + -er.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Idioms

Domain

Law

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990EikenEikenTest in Practical English ProficiencyThe English proficiency test from the Eiken Foundation of Japan, widely taken by Japanese students. Grades run from 5 to 1, with Pre-1 and Pre-2 between them.Grade 1
Frequency
Occasional
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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English Reference