English Reference

Word

cain

Phoneticscain

US/ˈkeɪn/

UK/kˈeɪn/

Definitions

01biblical figure

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Religion

n. The first son of Adam and Eve in the Bible, who killed his brother Abel.

n. The eldest son of Adam and Eve, identified in Genesis as the first murderer for killing his brother Abel.

“In the Bible story, Cain was a farmer who became jealous of his brother.”

“The narrative of Cain and Abel is frequently cited in literature as the foundational story of human conflict and sibling rivalry.”

02a murderer

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Literary · Archaic

n. A person who kills their own brother or someone close to them.

n. A literary or archaic allusion to a murderer, specifically one who commits fratricide.

“The poet described the traitor as a modern Cain, hated by everyone.”

“The protagonist felt the brand of Cain upon his brow after the accidental death of his companion, haunted by a guilt he could not escape.”

Synonyms

murdererfratricide

03a surname

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. A common family name in English-speaking countries.

n. A surname of English and Irish origin, sometimes derived from the biblical name or from occupational roots.

“The author of the book is a man named James M. Cain.”

“The Cain family has lived in this valley for generations, according to the local parish records.”

Etymology

From Hebrew קַיִן (Káyin, “craftsman”), present since Old English.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C2 ProficiencyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.8.5–9.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 6.0114–120
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C2 · Proficiency
Updated

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