English Reference

Word

cancer

Phoneticscan·cer, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈkænsɝ/

UK/kˈænsɐ/

Definitions

01medical disease

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Medicine

n. a serious disease where cells in the body grow in a way that is not controlled.

n. a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Uncountable when referring to the disease generally; countable when referring to a specific instance or type.

“Early detection is very important for treating many types of cancer successfully.”

“Recent advancements in immunotherapy have significantly improved the prognosis for patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer.”

Synonyms

02zodiac sign

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the fourth sign of the zodiac, represented by a crab, for people born in late June and early July.

n. the fourth sign of the zodiac, symbolized by the crab; the sun enters this sign at the summer solstice.

“My sister was born in early July, so her star sign is Cancer.”

“In traditional astrology, Cancer is considered a water sign ruled by the Moon, associated with emotional depth and intuition.”

03a person born under the sign

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a person who was born under the star sign of Cancer.

n. a person born when the sun is in the zodiacal sign of Cancer.

“She is a typical Cancer because she loves being at home with her family.”

“As a Cancer, he often found himself more affected by the changing phases of the moon than his peers.”

04extremely unpleasant

C2 · Proficiency Slang · Vulgar

adj. a very rude way to describe something that you think is terrible or annoying.

adj. used to describe something perceived as extremely toxic, unpleasant, or socially harmful.

“The comments section on that video is absolutely cancer.”

“The moderator resigned, citing the cancer culture that had taken over the forum's political discussion boards.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “cancer” in context.

Verb

01. beat cancer

“After a long and difficult struggle, she finally managed to beat cancer.”

verb + noun

02. diagnose cancer

“Doctors were able to diagnose the cancer at a very early stage.”

verb + noun

03. treat cancer

“New medical technologies have changed the way we treat cancer today.”

verb + noun

Adjective

04. malignant cancer

“The biopsy confirmed that the growth was a malignant cancer.”

adj + noun

05. terminal cancer

“The patient was sadly diagnosed with terminal cancer and given six months to live.”

adj + noun

Noun

06. cancer treatment

“He is currently undergoing a new type of cancer treatment at the city hospital.”

noun + noun

07. cancer cell

“The drug is designed to target and destroy every cancer cell in the body.”

noun + noun

08. history of cancer

“Because there is a history of cancer in her family, she has regular check-ups.”

noun + of + noun

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the disease in general; countable when referring to specific types or instances of the disease.

Real-World Examples

“Then there was a mum with cancer who wanted a space for her young daughter to play.”
The Guardian 11 Aug 2026
“But I've also learned a valuable lesson - that I could be more at risk of skin cancer because of my freckles.”
BBC News 8 Aug 2026

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cancer (“crab”), calque of Ancient Greek Καρκίνος (Karkínos, “crab”), calque of Akkadian 𒀀𒇻𒌅 (allutu, “crab”), from Sumerian 𒀯𒀠𒈜 (ᵐᵘˡAL.LUL, “crab; name of constellation”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

Cancer(B2)

ADJECTIVE

Related words

Domain

Medicine

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Very common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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