English Reference

Word

carcinoma

Phoneticscar·ci·no·ma

US/ˌkɑɹsəˈnoʊmə/

UK/kˌɑːsɪnˈəʊmɐ/

Definition

n. a type of cancer that starts in the skin or in the tissues that line your organs.

n. a malignant tumour arising from epithelial tissue. It represents the most common form of cancer and spreads via the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

Examples

“The doctor explained that the carcinoma was caught in its early stages.”

“After the biopsy results came back, the patient was diagnosed with a basal cell carcinoma on his shoulder.”

“While some forms of carcinoma remain localized and are easily treated with minor surgery, others exhibit aggressive metastatic behavior that requires a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.”

Examples

simple

“The doctor explained that the carcinoma was caught in its early stages.”

contextual

“After the biopsy results came back, the patient was diagnosed with a basal cell carcinoma on his shoulder.”

complex

“While some forms of carcinoma remain localized and are easily treated with minor surgery, others exhibit aggressive metastatic behavior that requires a combination of chemotherapy and radiation.”

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the disease generally; countable when referring to specific tumors or medical cases.

Real-World Examples

“Many features of CAA overlap with canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC), a malignant, metastatic canine oral cancer, making it challenging for clinicians to distinguish between the two.”
Phys.org · 18 Aug 2026
“These included tumors derived from human melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.”
ScienceDaily · 25 Aug 2026

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin carcinōma (“tumour; ulcer; carcinoma”), from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐ́νωμᾰ (kărkĭ́nōmă, “sore, ulcer; cancer”), from καρκινόω (karkinóō, “to make (something) resemble a crab”, in the mediopassive "to become cancerous; to suffer from cancer") + -μᾰ (-mă, action noun suffix). Καρκινόω is derived from καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab; the zodiac sign Cancer; sore, ulcer; cancer”) (according to Paul of Aegina (c. 625 – c. 690) in his Medical Compendium in Seven Books, because the veins surrounding a cancerous tumour resemble a crab’s legs). The English word is a doublet of cancer, and may be analysed as carcino- + -oma. The plural form carcinomata is a learned borrowing from Latin carcinōmata, from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (kărkĭnṓmătă).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

carcinogenicAdjectivecarcinomaNoun

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/carcinoma

English Reference