English Reference

Word

caste

US/ˈkæst/

UK/kˈɑːst/

Definitions

01social class

B2

n. a fixed social group that a person is born into, especially in India.

n. any of the hereditary social classes in South Asian societies that restrict the occupation of their members and their association with others.

“In the past, your caste often decided what kind of job you could have.”

“The traditional caste system has faced significant legal and social challenges in modern India, yet its influence persists in rural marriage customs.”

Usage

Often used with the definite article 'the' when referring to the system as a whole.

Synonyms

classrankstratum

02exclusive group

C1

n. a group of people who share the same rank or job and mostly stay together.

n. a social group or class that is exclusive and maintains its status through restricted social interaction.

“The high-ranking officers formed a separate caste within the military.”

“The political elite functioned as a closed caste, rarely interacting with the citizens they were elected to represent.”

Formal

Synonyms

03insect group

C2 · Science

n. a group of insects in a colony that have a specific job, like workers or soldiers.

n. a specialized group of individuals within a colony of social insects, such as ants or bees, characterized by a specific size and function.

“The soldier caste is responsible for defending the ant nest from attackers.”

“In honeybee colonies, the queen and the workers represent distinct castes with vastly different physiological and behavioral traits.”

Technical

Usage

Commonly used in biology and zoology to describe eusocial structures.

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“The film, which follows Mahanandia’s journey, also explores the caste discrimination that he faced in India.”
BBC News · 21 Aug 2026
“Sundiata writes in CASTE: A Global Journal on Social Exclusion, “an inferior untouchable caste,” arguably among “‘The Last Untouchables in Europe,’” whose status was not dissimilar to that of the Dalits in India.”
JSTOR Daily · 13 May 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese or Spanish casta (“lineage, breed, race”), which the OED derives from Portuguese casto (“chaste”), from Latin castus (“chaste"; "chastity”), Coromines (1987) argues instead for a hypothetical Gothic form 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (kasts, “group, collection of animals”), cognate with English cast, from Proto-Germanic kastuz, from Proto-Indo-European h₂ǵ-es-.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Zoology

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference