English Reference
noun

cognition

n.
US /kɑɡˈnɪʃən/ UK /kɒɡnˈɪʃən/ cog·ni·tion UK spelling cognitions

  1. 01 C1 Advanced AcademicTechnical Science

    the way your brain works to understand things, remember information, and solve problems.

    the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Uncountable in this general psychological sense.

    Simple

    Scientists are studying how sleep affects cognition and memory in older adults.

    In context

    The research paper explores the relationship between social interaction and the development of higher-order cognition in early childhood.

    Usage

    Often used in scientific or psychological contexts to describe the mechanics of the mind.

  2. 02 C2 Proficiency AcademicFormal

    a single thought or a specific result of thinking.

    a specific product of the cognitive process, such as a thought, belief, or perception. Countable in this specific application.

    Simple

    The patient recorded every negative cognition they had during the day.

    In context

    Cognitive behavioural therapy aims to identify and challenge distorted cognitions that lead to emotional distress.

    Usage

    Commonly used in clinical psychology and philosophy when referring to individual units of thought.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency ArchaicFormal Law

    the state of knowing or being aware of something.

    the state of having knowledge or awareness of a fact or situation.

    Simple

    The judge had full cognition of the facts before making the final decision.

    In context

    The defendant claimed to have no prior cognition of the illegal activities occurring within the firm.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is largely archaic or restricted to formal legal contexts; 'awareness' or 'knowledge' is preferred in modern speech.

Usage human cognition

Cannabis affects behaviour, cognition and psychomotor performance in a dose-dependent way, and complex tasks such as flying are particularly sensitive.

BBC News· 15 Aug 2026

The more scientists study the brain, the clearer it becomes that cognition is astonishingly energy intensive.

The Guardian· 9 Aug 2026

From Middle English cognicion, cognicioun from Latin cognitiō (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”); see know, and compare cognize, cognizance, cognizor, cognosce, connoisseur.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin cognitiō
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated