English Reference

Word

contraband

Phoneticscon·tra·band, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈkɑntɹəˌbænd/

UK/kˌɒntɹəbˈænd/

Definitions

01illegal goods

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Law Formal

n. goods that are illegal to own or trade, especially things that have been smuggled into a country.

n. goods that are prohibited by law from being imported or exported; smuggled items. Uncountable in its general sense.

“Customs officers at the airport searched the bags for contraband like illegal drugs.”

“The coast guard intercepted a vessel carrying a significant amount of contraband destined for the black market.”

Usage

Usually functions as an uncountable noun when referring to the category of goods.

Synonyms

smuggled goodsblack market goods

Antonyms

legal imports

02prohibited items

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Technical

n. items that are not allowed in a specific place, such as a prison or a school.

n. items that are prohibited within the confines of a specific institution or environment. Often used in the context of correctional facilities.

“The guards found a mobile phone, which is considered contraband in the prison.”

“The facility has strict policies regarding contraband to ensure the safety of both staff and inmates.”

Synonyms

forbidden itemsprohibited goods

Antonyms

permitted items

03prohibited from trade

C1 · Advanced Law Formal · Technical

adj. describes something that is illegal to buy, sell, or move.

adj. relating to or being goods that are prohibited by law or treaty from being imported or exported.

“The police seized the contraband tobacco during a raid on the warehouse.”

“The treaty specifically lists certain chemicals as contraband materials that cannot be traded between the two nations.”

Antonyms

04historical US context

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun American English · Archaic

n. a term used during the American Civil War for enslaved people who escaped to the North.

n. a term used during the American Civil War to describe an enslaved person who escaped to or was brought within Union lines. Countable in this specific historical sense.

“During the war, many people sought freedom and were known as contrabands.”

“Historians study the lives of contrabands to understand the complex transition from slavery to freedom during the 1860s.”

Teaching tip

This sense is specific to 19th-century American history and is not used in modern conversation.

Synonyms

refugeeescapee

Real-World Examples

“It said the vessel was carrying "2,500 containers of contraband" and had taken an "unauthorised route".”
BBC News 16 Oct 2026
“The sheep are grazing their high summer pastures; a side hustle smuggling contraband brings in a little much-needed cash.”
The Guardian 2 Sept 2026
“Prisons are being targeted by criminal gangs using drones to fly in contraband to sell to bored inmates being kept in cramped conditions, according to the chief inspector of prisons' annual report.”
BBC 7 Jul 2025

Etymology

From Spanish contrabanda (modern spelling contrabando), from Italian contrabando (modern spelling contrabbando), from contra (“against”) + bando (“ban”), and reinforced by French contrebande.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Occasional
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/contraband

English Reference