Word
dough
US/ˈdoʊ/
UK/dˈəʊ/
Definitions
01baking mixture
B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun Cooking
n. a thick mixture of flour and liquid used to make bread or cookies.
n. a thick, malleable paste of flour and liquid, often including leavening agents, intended for baking.
日本語:パン生地※
“She kneaded the bread dough on the counter for ten minutes.”
“The pastry chef chilled the dough overnight to ensure the butter remained solid, which is essential for creating flaky layers in the finished croissant.”
Usage
Uncountable when referring to the substance; countable when referring to specific batches.
02money
B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Informal · Slang
n. a casual word for money.
n. a slang term for money or currency.
“He made a lot of dough working at the tech company last summer.”
“After years of struggling as a freelance artist, he finally started raking in some serious dough once his digital illustrations went viral.”
Teaching tip
While common in older films and casual speech, 'dough' is less frequent in modern youth slang than 'cash' or 'bread'.
Etymology
From Middle English dow, dogh, dagh, from Old English dāg, from Proto-Germanic daigaz (“dough”), from Proto-Indo-European dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, mold”). Cognate with Scots daich, dauch, doach (“dough”), North Frisian dii, Jai (“dough”), West Frisian daai (“dough”), Dutch deeg (“dough”), German Teig (“dough”), Low German and Luxembourgish Deeg (“dough”), Vilamovian taag (“dough”), Yiddish טייג (teyg, “dough”), Danish dej (“dough”), Faroese deiggj (“dough”), Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk deig (“dough”), Swedish deg (“dough”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃 (daigs, “dough”). The derivation of the second meaning (of money) is obscure, but dates to the mid 19th century.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Word family
NOUN
Related words
Idioms
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- B1 · Intermediate
- Updated
- アルファベット
- 読み方の一覧 →
QR code
englishreference.com/q/dough
※ 機械で選んだ訳語です。ネイティブスピーカーによる確認はまだです。
「日本語」 data: JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0