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dozen

n.
US //ˈdəzən// UK //dˈʌzən// dozen
  1. 1 a group of twelve (n.)
    A2 Elementary

    a group or set of twelve things.

    a set of twelve items. Often functions as a determiner when followed by a noun.

    Example

    She bought a dozen eggs from the market to bake the cake.

    Example

    The baker prepared half a dozen loaves of sourdough bread before the first customers arrived at the shop.

    Usage

    Remains singular when preceded by a specific number (e.g., 'three dozen').

    Pitfall
    I bought two dozens eggs.
    I bought two dozen eggs.

    When used with a specific number like 'two' or 'three', 'dozen' stays singular.

  2. 2 many (n.)
    B1 Intermediate

    a large but not exact number of people or things.

    an indefinite, large number; typically used in the plural to suggest a significant quantity.

    Example

    Dozens of people waited in line for the new phone to go on sale.

    Example

    Dozens of protesters gathered outside the embassy, demanding a formal response from the ambassador regarding the new trade policy.

    Usage

    Used in the plural form 'dozens' followed by 'of'.

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  1. 3 the dozens (n.)
    C2 Proficiency American English Slang Informal

    a game where two people trade insults to see who is funnier or tougher.

    a traditional African-American custom of exchanging playful or competitive insults.

    Example

    The two friends were just playing the dozens, so don't take the jokes seriously.

    Example

    Linguistic scholars have studied the dozens as a sophisticated form of oral wordplay that influenced modern battle rap.

    Teacher's tip

    This is a specific cultural term; learners are unlikely to encounter it outside of specific sociological or musical contexts like hip-hop.

Etymology 1

From Middle English dozen, dozein, doseyne, from Old French dozaine (“a group of twelve”) (Modern French douzaine), from doze (“twelve”) + -aine (“-ish”), from Latin duodecim (“twelve”) (from duo (“two”) + decem (“ten”)) + -ana (“-ish”).

Etymology 2

From a deliberate misspelling of doesn't, originally referring to someone who "dozen sing, dozen rap, dozen do anything."

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