English Reference

Word

either

Phoneticsei·ther, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈaɪðɝ/

UK/ˈaɪðɐ/

Sentence adverb

Definitions

01one of two

A2 · Elementary

det. one or the other of two things or people.

det. referring to any one of two people, things, or possibilities.

“You can park on either side of the street today.”

“The candidate was equally qualified for either position, making the final selection process exceptionally difficult for the hiring committee.”

Usage

Followed by a singular countable noun.

Pitfall

You can take either books.

You can take either book.

When used as a determiner before a noun, 'either' must be followed by a singular countable noun.

Synonyms

any

Antonyms

02both

B1 · Intermediate

det. each of two things.

det. referring to each of two things, often used to describe things that come in pairs.

“There were tall trees on either side of the river.”

“The guards stood at either end of the corridor, ensuring that no unauthorised personnel could enter the secure wing.”

Usage

Followed by a singular countable noun.

Teaching tip

In this sense, 'either' is more formal than 'both'.

Synonyms

03one or the other

A2 · Elementary

pron. one of two people or things, used without naming the noun again.

pron. the one or the other of two people or things; functions as the head of a noun phrase.

“I have two pens; you can use either of them.”

“If either of the proposed solutions fails to address the budget deficit, the board will be forced to consider more drastic measures.”

Usage

Often followed by 'of' plus a plural noun or pronoun.

Antonyms

04choice with 'or'

A2 · Elementary

conj. used before the first of two choices to show a clear alternative.

conj. a correlative conjunction used to introduce the first of two or more alternatives, paired with 'or'.

“We can either go to the cinema or stay at home and watch a movie.”

“The company must either invest heavily in new technology or risk losing its competitive advantage in the global market.”

Usage

Pairs with 'or' to connect words, phrases, or clauses.

Teaching tip

Ensure the elements following 'either' and 'or' are grammatically parallel.

05also (in negative sentences)

A2 · Elementary

adv. used at the end of a negative sentence to mean 'also'.

adv. used for emphasis after a negative statement to indicate that a further negative fact is also true.

“I don't like spicy food, and my sister doesn't like it either.”

“The first experiment did not yield the expected results, and the subsequent trials were not successful either.”

Usage

Typically placed at the end of a clause.

Pitfall

I don't like coffee too.

I don't like coffee either.

Use 'too' or 'also' in positive sentences, but use 'either' in negative sentences.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Etymology

From Middle English either, from Old English ǣġhwæþer, from Proto-West Germanic aiw + gahwaþar. Akin to Old Saxon eogihwethar, iahwethar (Low German jeed); Old Dutch iogewether, iowether, *iother (Dutch ieder); Old High German eogihwedar, iegihweder, ieweder (German jeder).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Idioms

Grammar

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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English Reference