English Reference

Word

firewall

Phoneticsfire·wall, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈfaɪɹwɑɫ/

UK/fˈaɪəwɔːl/

Definitions

01computing security

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Computing

n. software or hardware that protects a computer network by blocking dangerous traffic from the internet.

n. a security system consisting of software or hardware that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

“You should update your firewall to protect your computer from the latest viruses.”

“The corporate firewall blocked the suspicious connection attempt before the malware could infiltrate the internal server.”

Usage

Often used with the verbs 'set up', 'configure', or 'bypass'.

Synonyms

security barrierfilter

02fire protection

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Technical

n. a wall made of special materials that stops a fire from moving from one part of a building to another.

n. a fireproof barrier designed to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings, structures, or vehicles.

“The warehouse was saved because the firewall stopped the flames from reaching the office.”

“Building regulations require a reinforced firewall between the garage and the living quarters to ensure resident safety in the event of a vehicle fire.”

Synonyms

fire partitionbarrier

03political/ethical barrier

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Law Formal

n. a rule or agreement that keeps two groups apart to prevent a conflict of interest or bad influence.

n. a metaphorical barrier or ethical wall established to prevent communication or cooperation between entities, often to avoid conflicts of interest.

“The company created a firewall between the two departments to keep client information private.”

“The mainstream parties maintained a political firewall, refusing to enter into any coalition agreements with the extremist faction.”

Synonyms

ethical wallbuffer

04to protect or block

C1 · Advanced Computing Technical

v. to protect a system using a firewall or to block a specific connection.

v. to protect a network or device with a firewall; to isolate a segment of a system for security purposes.

“The IT department decided to firewall the sensitive database from the rest of the office network.”

“By firewalling the guest Wi-Fi, the administrator ensured that visitors could not access the company's internal files.”

05to go full speed

C2 · Proficiency Slang · Informal

v. to use the maximum power of an engine or to drive as fast as possible.

v. to operate an engine at maximum throttle or to accelerate a vehicle to its limit.

“He decided to firewall the car on the open highway to see how fast it could go.”

“The pilot had to firewall the engines to clear the ridge during the emergency ascent.”

Teaching tip

This sense is highly informal and specific to automotive or aviation contexts; most learners will only encounter the computing sense.

Antonyms

deceleratebrake

Real-World Examples

“The Chinese counterplay is to make the AI open source, allowing users to run versions locally on their own servers and to firewall their data from being exploited by a Chinese AI provider.”
The Guardian 13 Sept 2026

Etymology

From fire + wall. Compare West Frisian brânmuorre, Dutch brandmuur, German Brandmauer, Feuermauer, Swedish brandvägg, brandmur, Icelandic eldvegg. The verb sense for using maximum power or acceleration comes from the engine's firewall being the limit of forward movement of the throttle controls on many simpler vehicles; thus, to get the maximum engine output, one would push the throttle levers or pedal all the way to the firewall. The politics sense is a calque of German Brandmauer.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domains

ArchitecturePhysicsPoliticsSecurity

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Updated

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English Reference