English Reference

Word

gender

Phoneticsgen·der, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈdʒɛndɝ/

UK/dʒˈɛndɐ/

Definitions

01social identity

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the social and cultural identity of being a man, a woman, or another identity.

n. the state of being a man, woman, or non-binary person, typically in relation to social and cultural roles rather than biological ones.

“The survey asked for my age, gender, and occupation.”

“Sociologists argue that gender is a social construct that varies significantly across different cultures and historical periods.”

Usage

Often used in contrast with 'sex' to distinguish social identity from biological characteristics.

Synonyms

02grammar

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Science Academic

n. a way of grouping nouns into categories like masculine, feminine, or neuter.

n. a grammatical category used to classify nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, often determining agreement between words in a sentence.

“In French, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine.”

“The German language features three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter, which dictate the form of the definite article.”

Usage

In linguistics, this is often referred to as 'grammatical gender'.

Synonyms

03biological sex

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the physical category of being male or female.

n. the classification of organisms as male or female based on reproductive functions.

“The doctor noted the gender of the baby during the ultrasound.”

“While 'sex' is the preferred technical term in biology, 'gender' is frequently used as a synonym in medical and legal documents.”

Teaching tip

In modern academic contexts, using 'gender' to mean 'biological sex' is often discouraged to avoid confusion with social identity.

Synonyms

sex

04mechanical connectors

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Technology Technical

n. the classification of electrical or mechanical parts as 'male' or 'female' so they fit together.

n. the property of matching connectors, where one part (male) fits into another (female) to create a connection.

“Check the gender of the cable before you buy the adapter.”

“The technician ensured that the gender of the serial port matched the connector on the peripheral device.”

05to assign a category

C1 · Advanced Academic

v. to treat someone or something as having a specific gender.

v. to attribute a gender to a person, object, or concept; to perceive or address someone through the lens of gendered categories.

“Society often genders certain toys, like dolls for girls and trucks for boys.”

“The author explores how the workplace is gendered through subtle language choices and traditional power structures.”

Usage

Often used in the passive voice or as a participle (e.g., 'a gendered perspective').

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “gender” in context.

Noun

01. gender equality

“The organization works to promote gender equality in the workplace and ensure equal pay for all.”

noun + noun

02. gender identity

Real-World Examples

“Most of us would agree that our gender is not a choice but a core part of who we are.”
Phys.org 31 Aug 2026
“In the 1980s, the high court refused to strike down a Georgia law that criminalized sexual relations between people of the same gender.”
The Conversation 11 Aug 2026
“She had organised everything from the baby shower and gender reveal to personalised decor for when Tommy arrived.”
BBC News 31 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English gendre, borrowed from Old French gendre, borrowed from Latin genere (“type, kind”). Doublet of genre and genus. The verb developed after the noun.

From Middle English gendren, genderen, from Middle French gendrer, from Latin generāre.

Borrowed from Indonesian gender, from Javanese ꦒꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦺꦂ (gendèr), from Old Javanese gĕnder.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

gender(B2)

Related words

Idioms

Domains

GrammarSociology

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/gender

English Reference