English Reference
adjective

gotten

adj.
US /ˈɡɑtən/ UK /ɡˈɒtən/ got·ten

  1. 01 C1 Advanced Formal

    describes something that has been gained or earned.

    obtained or acquired; almost exclusively used in compound adjectives like 'ill-gotten'.

    Simple

    The criminals had to give back all their ill-gotten money.

    In context

    The investigation focused on the recovery of ill-gotten assets hidden in offshore accounts to avoid domestic taxation.

    Usage

    Usually appears as part of a compound adjective followed by a noun.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is rarely used alone; it is most common in the fixed idiom 'ill-gotten gains'.

Don't confuse

gotten vs got — Gotten is the standard past participle in American English for obtaining or becoming, while British English uses got for all past participle functions.


Morphologically got + -en.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated