ENGLISH
REFERENCE

gotten

v.
B1 Intermediate US //ˈɡɑtən// UK //ɡˈɒtən// got·ten Archaic

v. the past participle of 'get'. You use it when you have received, become, or moved to a certain place.

v. the past participle of 'get' in North American English. Used in perfect tenses to indicate the acquisition of something or a change in state.


SIMPLE

I have gotten much better at playing the piano.

CONTEXTUAL

By the time we arrived at the theater, the tickets had already gotten much more expensive.

COMPLEX

The project has gotten significantly more complicated since the initial requirements were drafted, necessitating a complete overhaul of the budget and timeline.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Origin

Morphologically got + -en.

Usage

Standard in North American English; in British English, 'got' is used instead. It is transitive when meaning 'obtained' and intransitive when describing a change in state.

Pitfall

I have got a new car (meaning obtained)I have gotten a new carIn North American English, 'gotten' is used for the action of obtaining, while 'have got' is used for possession.

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