English Reference
Verb

grapple

v.
C1 Advanced US /ˈɡɹæpəɫ/ UK /ɡɹˈæpəl/ grap·ple UK spelling grappled, grapples Nautical

v.to struggle hard with something difficult. You can use this when you are physically fighting someone or when you are trying to solve a very tough problem.

v.to engage in a close struggle or fight without weapons; figuratively, to struggle with a difficult problem or decision. Often used with the preposition 'with'.


SIMPLE

The two wrestlers grapple on the mat.

CONTEXTUAL

The government continues to grapple with the rising cost of living and high inflation rates.

COMPLEX

Philosophers have had to grapple with the nature of consciousness for centuries, yet a definitive scientific explanation remains elusive despite modern neurological advances.

Usage

Intransitive verb that typically requires the preposition 'with' when followed by an object.

Pitfall
He grappled the difficult math problem.He grappled with the difficult math problem.

In its figurative sense of dealing with a problem, the verb requires the preposition 'with'.

The flood, which struck during a public holiday, comes as Spain has grappled for weeks with extreme weather of the opposite kind: heatwaves and wildfires.

The Local· 16 Aug 2026

Richardson says his research is a useful starting point for trying to grapple with how and where paper mills operate, and who they target.

The Guardian· 15 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English grapplen (“to seize, lay hold of”), from Old English græpplian (“to seize”) (compare Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”)), from Proto-Germanic graipilōną, grabbalōną (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seize, rake”), equivalent to grab + -le. Cognate with Dutch grabbelen (“to grope, scramble, scrabble”), German grabbeln (“to rummage, grope about”) and grapsen, grapschen (“to seize, grasp, grabble”). Influenced in some senses by grapple (“tool with claws or hooks”, noun) (see below). See further at grasp.

Etymology 2

From Middle English grapple, graple, from Old French grappil (“a ship's grapple”) (compare Old French grappin (“hook”)), from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European grep- (“hook”), gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from Proto-Indo-European ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). See further at grape. Influenced in some senses by grapple (“seize”, verb) (see above).

Etymology 3

Blend of grape + apple.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Occasional
Updated