ENGLISH
REFERENCE

gruff

adj.
B2 Upper Intermediate US //ˈɡɹəf// UK //ɡɹˈʌf// gruff

adj. having a rough, deep voice or a rough, hard surface. You use this to describe someone who is not friendly or a texture that feels scratchy.

adj. having a harsh, deep, or rasping voice; also describes a rough, uneven, or coarse surface. Often used to characterize a person's temperament as unkind or abrupt.


SIMPLE

The old man spoke in a gruff voice.

CONTEXTUAL

The mechanic had a gruff exterior, but he was actually very kind and helpful once you got to know him.

COMPLEX

The gruff texture of the sandpaper made it difficult to apply the paint evenly, requiring the artist to switch to a finer grit for the final finish.

Synonyms
Etymology 1

16th century, from Dutch grof and/or Middle Low German grof (both “rough, coarse, rude”), from Old Dutch grof or Old Saxon grof, both from Proto-West Germanic grob, from Proto-Germanic grubaz (“coarse, rough”), possibly from an earlier gahrubaz and then related with hreubaz (“scabby, rough, scrubby”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian groaf (“rough, coarse, crude”), West Frisian grof (“rough, coarse, crude”), Low German groff (“rough, coarse, crude”), German grob (“rough, coarse, crude”), Swedish grov (“rough, coarse, crude”).

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Dutch grof (“rough, coarse”).

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