Word
heathen
Phoneticshea·then, stress on the first syllable
US/ˈhiðən/
UK/hˈiːðən/
Definitions
01non-religious person
C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Religion Literary · Archaic
n. someone who does not follow a major religion like Christianity, Islam, or Judaism.
n. a person who does not belong to a widely recognized monotheistic religion, particularly an Abrahamic one. Historically used by Christians to describe pagans.
“The old books described the distant tribes as heathens who worshipped the sun.”
“Early medieval chronicles often depicted the invading Vikings as heathens who had no respect for the sanctity of the local monasteries.”
Usage
Often carries a judgmental or exclusionary tone in historical texts.
Teaching tip
In modern contexts, this is mostly found in literature or historical discussions; using it for a living person can be offensive.
02uncultured person
C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Informal · Humorous
n. a person who has no manners or does not appreciate art and culture.
n. an uncultured or uncivilized person. Used as a derogatory label for someone perceived as lacking social refinement.
“My brother is a total heathen because he eats pizza with a spoon.”
“The critics dismissed the new audience as a pack of heathens who were more interested in their phones than the performance.”
Antonyms
03pagan or uncultured
C2 · Proficiency Literary
adj. describing someone or something that is not religious or lacks culture.
adj. pertaining to people or customs that do not follow a major monotheistic religion; by extension, uncultured or barbaric.
“The explorers were surprised by the heathen customs of the remote tribe.”
“The missionary spent years attempting to convert the local population from their heathen traditions to his own faith.”
Synonyms
04Germanic neopagan
C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Religion Technical
n. a person who follows a modern version of the old Germanic or Norse religions.
n. an adherent of Heathenry, a contemporary neopagan movement based on the historical religious beliefs of Germanic peoples.
“He identifies as a heathen and studies ancient Norse mythology.”
“The local Heathen community gathered to celebrate the winter solstice according to reconstructed Germanic rites.”
Usage
Often capitalized as 'Heathen' when referring specifically to this religious group.
Synonyms
Real-World Examples
“When the Spaniards arrived in Central America in the 1500s, they did their best to destroy the writings of "heathen" scribes still working in the language of the Maya.” “No self-respecting artist is going to sacrifice their beautiful creation to those cruel, gnashing European heathens.” Etymology
From Middle English hethen, from Old English hǣþen, from Proto-West Germanic haiþin, from Proto-Germanic haiþīnaz (“heathen, pagan”, adjective), equivalent to heath (“heathland”) + -en. Cognate with West Frisian heiden, Dutch heiden, Middle High German heiden, German Heiden, German Heide, Swedish heden, Danish hedensk (from heden+sk), Icelandic heiðinn. See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour).
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Domain
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C2 ProficiencyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.8.5–9.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 6.0114–120
- Frequency
- Occasional
- Level
- C2 · Proficiency
- Updated
- アルファベット
- 読み方の一覧 →
QR code
englishreference.com/q/heathen