HIV
- 01 B2 Upper Intermediate
Stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus attacks the cells that help the body fight infections.
Abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A lentivirus that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Simple“Modern medicine allows people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives.”
In context“Public health initiatives have focused on increasing access to testing and antiretroviral therapy to reduce the transmission of HIV within the community.”
UsageUsually used as an uncountable noun without an article when referring to the condition or virus generally.
Teacher's tipLearners should distinguish between HIV (the virus) and AIDS (the late-stage syndrome caused by the virus).
- 02 C2 Proficiency
A special valve used in engineering to stop the flow of liquids or gases in a pipe.
Abbreviation for Header, Helium, or Hydraulic Isolation Valve. A safety or maintenance component designed to stop the flow of process fluid in a piping system.
Simple“The technician checked the HIV to ensure no gas was leaking into the main chamber.”
In context“During the pre-flight checklist, the engineers verified that the helium isolation valve (HIV) was responding correctly to the remote command.”
UsageIn this technical sense, it is a countable noun and often takes an article.
Teacher's tipThis sense is highly specialized; unless teaching students in aerospace or fluid engineering, focus on the medical sense.
Synonymsshut off valve
“Mercury had, in fact, tested positive, and six months later his doctors confirmed his HIV had progressed to Aids.”