Word
include
Phoneticsin·clude, stress on the second syllable
US/ˌɪnˈkɫud/
UK/ɪnklˈuːd/
Definitions
01to make part of a group
A1 · Beginner
v. to put someone or something into a group, list, or total.
v. to incorporate an entity into a larger group, class, or collection as a constituent part.
日本語:含める※
“Please include your phone number on the application form.”
“The organisers decided to include several local artists in the exhibition to ensure the community felt represented.”
Usage
This is a transitive verb that takes a direct object.
Pitfall
The price includes for the tax.
The price includes the tax.
The verb 'include' is transitive and takes a direct object without the preposition 'for'.
Synonyms
02to contain as a part
A2 · Elementary
v. to have something as one of its parts or members.
v. to contain or comprise as part of a whole; to have as a component.
日本語:含む※
“The breakfast menu includes coffee, tea, and fresh fruit.”
“The comprehensive insurance policy includes coverage for accidental damage but excludes intentional acts of negligence.”
Usage
Often used in the present simple to describe the contents of a set or package.
Antonyms
03programming directive
C1 · Advanced Computing Technical
v. to use a special command that brings code from another file into your program.
v. to use a preprocessor directive or command that imports the contents of an external file into the current source file.
“You need to include the header file at the top of your code.”
“The developer failed to include the necessary library, resulting in a compilation error when the compiler reached the undefined functions.”
Usage
Commonly used as a keyword in languages like C, C++, and PHP.
04included file
C1 · Advanced Countable noun Computing Technical
n. a file or piece of code that is added to another file.
n. a file or resource that is intended to be incorporated into another document or program via a directive.
“Check the includes folder to find the database settings.”
“The project structure separates the main logic from the various includes to make the codebase easier to maintain.”
Collocations
Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “include” in context.
Confusables
Include lists one or more parts of a larger group; contain describes what is physically or conceptually held inside a boundary.
RememberInclude is a part; contain is the whole container.
Etymology
From Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdere (“to shut in, enclose, insert”), from in- (“in”) + claudere (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”). Doublet of enclose. Displaced native Old English belūcan (“to include,” also “to shut in”).
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Word family
VERB
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
Domain
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A1 MoversIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.2.0–3.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 1.0–1.50–23TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.120–224
- Frequency
- Very common
- Level
- A1 · BeginnerOxford
- Updated
- アルファベット
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QR code
englishreference.com/q/include
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「日本語」 data: JMdict (EDRDG), CC BY-SA 4.0