English Reference
Word preposition

including

prep.
US /ˌɪnˈkɫudɪŋ/ UK /ɪnklˈuːdɪŋ/ in·clud·ing
Definition
  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    used to introduce a person or thing that is part of a larger group you just mentioned.

    introduces one or more members of a set or category previously mentioned in the clause.

    Simple

    “The whole family went on holiday, including the dog.”

    In context

    “The total cost of the renovation was significant, including the structural repairs and the interior design fees.”

    Usage

    Usually follows the noun or phrase representing the whole group.

    Pitfall
    The price is $50, including of tax. The price is $50, including tax.

    Do not use 'of' after 'including'. It functions as a preposition on its own.

    Synonyms
    containingincorporating
    Antonyms
    excludingexcept
Etymology

By surface analysis, include + -ing.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level A2 · Elementary
Frequency Very common
Updated