English Reference
noun

inference

n.
US /ˈɪnfɝəns/ UK /ˈɪnfəɹəns/ in·fer·ence UK spelling inference's, inference's

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    the act of using clues or facts to figure something out.

    the cognitive process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.

    Simple

    The detective used inference to solve the case, looking at the muddy footprints and the broken window.

    In context

    The researcher relied on statistical inference to determine whether the observed patterns in the sample were representative of the wider population.

    Usage

    Often used with the verb 'draw' or 'make'.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    a guess or conclusion you make based on the information you have.

    a specific proposition or conclusion reached through the process of inferring.

    Simple

    Is it a fair inference to say that he was unhappy, given how quickly he left the party?

    In context

    The historian's inference that the document was a forgery was later confirmed by chemical analysis of the ink and parchment.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical Computing

    the step where an AI uses what it has learned to make a decision or a prediction about new information.

    the phase in which a trained machine learning model applies its learned parameters to new input data to produce an output.

    Simple

    The app performs inference locally on your phone to identify the plants in your photos.

    In context

    Optimising the model for edge devices significantly reduced the latency during real-time inference, allowing for instantaneous object detection.

    Usage

    Commonly contrasted with the 'training' phase of a model.

Usage causal inference · draw inference · make inference

The inference was that it would take rather more to become a proper team.

The Guardian· 25 Aug 2026

From Latin inferentia. Morphologically infer + -ence.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin inferentia
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated