English Reference
verb

irritate

v.
US /ˈɪɹɪˌteɪt/ UK /ˈɪɹɪtˌeɪt/ ir·ri·tate UK spelling irritates

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    to make someone feel slightly angry or impatient.

    to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in another person.

    Simple

    The constant sound of the dripping tap began to irritate him.

    In context

    His colleague's habit of interrupting during meetings began to irritate the manager, who eventually requested a private discussion about professional conduct.

    Usage

    Often used in the passive voice to describe a state of mind: 'to be irritated by something'.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Medicine

    to make a part of your body feel sore, itchy, or painful.

    to induce inflammation, soreness, or physical discomfort in a body part or organism.

    Simple

    The harsh chemicals in the soap can irritate sensitive skin.

    In context

    The smoke from the nearby forest fire continued to irritate the residents' eyes and throats, forcing many to stay indoors.

    Usage

    Commonly takes a body part or a biological system as a direct object.

    inflameaggravate

It would end for many callers the irritating wait in dead silence.” Dead silence may have disappeared, but a new annoyance was now taking its place.

Smithsonian Magazine· 24 Jul 2026

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin irrītātus, perfect passive participle of irrītō (“excite, irritate, incite, stimulate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin irritātus, perfect passive participle of irritō (“to invalidate, render void, annul”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from irritus (“invalid”), the equivalent of in- + ratus (“valid, established, fixed”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Occasional
Updated