English Reference

Word

leprosy

Phoneticslep·rosy

US/ˈɫɛpɹəsi/

UK/lˈɛpɹəsi/

Definitions

01the medical disease

C2 · Medicine

n. a long-lasting disease that damages the skin and nerves, sometimes leading to the loss of body parts.

n. a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, resulting in nerve damage, muscle weakness, and skin lesions. Uncountable in its medical sense.

“In ancient times, there was no effective cure for leprosy.”

“Modern multidrug therapy has made leprosy a curable condition, significantly reducing the global prevalence of the disease since the late twentieth century.”

Technical

Synonyms

Hansen's disease

02figurative corruption

C2

n. something bad that spreads and should be avoided or kept away from others.

n. a figurative reference to a corrupting influence or a condition that results in social exclusion and moral decay.

“The corruption in the city government was like a leprosy that destroyed everything.”

“The critic described the spread of cynical propaganda as a moral leprosy, eating away at the foundations of the democratic institution.”

Literary

03historical/biblical skin conditions

C2 · Religion

n. a word used in old books to describe many different types of skin problems.

n. a broad historical or biblical term for various contagious skin diseases, including psoriasis and vitiligo, often involving ritual uncleanness.

“The old text mentions leprosy, but it might have been a different skin problem.”

“Scholars argue that the leprosy described in the Old Testament likely refers to a range of dermatological conditions rather than the specific bacterial infection known today.”

Archaic

Synonyms

tzaraath

Real-World Examples

“The text describes Constantine, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, falling ill with leprosy .”
Phys.org · 24 Sept 2026
“The text describes Constantine, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, falling ill from leprosy .”
The Conversation · 24 Sept 2026
“Staines had spent 30 years working with leprosy patients, but Singh and his associates from Hindu hardline groups had accused him of forcibly converting poor Hindus from disadvantaged castes and tribals to Christianity.”
BBC News · 2 Sept 2026

Etymology

From Norman leprosie, from Middle French leprosie (“leprosy & similar skin diseases”), probably from leprous (“leprous”) + -ie (“-y”) but possibly from Medieval Latin leprōsia (leprōsus + -ia) although this only historically attested in reference to leprosariums. The shift of sense from psoriasis to Hansen's disease occurred in large part from the use of λέπρα (lépra) to translate Hebrew צרעת (“tzaraath”) in the Septuagint and its subsequent use in the New Testament and Late Latin.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Medicine

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

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English Reference