English Reference
Noun

malfunction

n. C / U
B2 Upper Intermediate US /mæɫˈfəŋkʃən/ UK /mˌælfˈʌŋkʃən/ mal·func·tion UK spelling malfunctioned, malfunctioning, malfunctions

n.a failure to work correctly. You use this when a machine or a system stops doing what it is supposed to do.

n.a failure to function in a normal or satisfactory manner. Often used in technical or formal contexts to describe mechanical or electronic errors.


SIMPLE

The computer crashed due to a sudden hardware malfunction.

CONTEXTUAL

A minor technical malfunction in the cooling system caused the entire factory to shut down for two hours.

COMPLEX

Engineers traced the catastrophic failure to a software malfunction that occurred during the high-pressure phase of the launch sequence.

Usage

Often used as a countable noun for specific events, but can be uncountable when referring to the general state of failing to work.

If you’re asked to leave because of malfunctioning machines, don’t.

The Conversation· 1 Sept 2026

A safety system detected dangerous levels of engine thrust, assumed a malfunction, and ordered the fuel supply to be cut off, the theory goes.

BBC News· 10 Jun 2026

From mal- (“bad, incorrect”) + function.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated