English Reference

Word

martyrdom

Phoneticsmar·tyr·dom

US/ˈmɑɹtɝdəm/

UK/mˈɑːtɪədəm/

Definitions

01dying for a cause

C1 · Religion

n. the death or suffering of someone who refuses to give up their religious or political beliefs.

n. the death or suffering of a martyr, specifically on account of adherence to a faith, cause, or principle.

“The history books tell stories of his martyrdom for the sake of his country.”

“The saint's martyrdom became a powerful symbol of resistance, inspiring generations of followers to maintain their faith despite state persecution.”

Formal

02extreme suffering

C2

n. a state of great pain or suffering that lasts for a long time.

n. a state of extreme suffering, affliction, or torment, often endured over a prolonged period.

“Living with such a painful illness was a slow martyrdom for the old man.”

“The poet described his years in exile as a psychological martyrdom, characterized by profound isolation and the loss of his creative voice.”

Literary

Antonyms

03acting like a victim

C1

n. the behavior of someone who exaggerates their suffering to get sympathy from others.

n. a performative or exaggerated display of suffering intended to elicit sympathy or admiration from others.

“We all got tired of her constant martyrdom whenever she had to do the dishes.”

“His constant air of martyrdom was exhausting for his colleagues, who felt he intentionally took on extra work just to complain about it later.”

Informal

Usage

Often used with the verb 'to play' as in 'playing the martyr'.

Teaching tip

In modern conversation, this sense is often used critically to describe someone who complains about their hard work to make others feel guilty.

Synonyms

victimhoodself-sacrifice

Real-World Examples

“Khadiga Metwally, it was all Canada’s fault that her psycho son had designs on Islamic State-style martyrdom in New York City.”
Toronto Sun · 9 Sept 2026
“In his claim Campanale said that at a meeting in January 2022, he was questioned about his Christianity by about 30 people and asked whether he was enjoying his “martyrdom just like Jesus did”.”
The Guardian · 21 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English martyrdome, martirdom, marterdom, from Old English martyrdōm (“martyrdom”), corresponding to martyr + -dom. Cognate with German Märtyrertum (“martyrdom”), Danish martyrdom (“martyrdom”), Swedish martyrdom (“martyrdom”), Norwegian martyrdom (“martyrdom”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

martyrNounmartyrdomNoun

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

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English Reference