English Reference

Word

matriarch

Phoneticsma·tri·arch

US/ˈmeɪtɹiˌɑɹk/

UK/mˈætɹɪˌɑːk/

Definitions

01head of a family or tribe

C1

n. a woman who is the head of a family or a social group.

n. a female leader of a family, tribe, or ethnic group, often exercising significant authority over its members.

“The family matriarch gathered all her children and grandchildren for her eightieth birthday.”

“As the undisputed matriarch of the clan, her approval was required for any major decision regarding the family estate.”

Formal

Usage

Often used to describe a woman who rules a large, multi-generational family.

Synonyms

female headmother figure

Antonyms

02powerful female leader

C1

n. a woman who starts or leads an important organization or movement.

n. a female founder or dominant leader of a political, religious, or professional organization.

“She was considered the matriarch of the local environmental movement.”

“The company's matriarch retired after forty years, leaving behind a corporate culture defined by her personal values.”

Formal

Teaching tip

While the primary sense is familial, this sense is common in journalism to describe influential women in business or politics.

Synonyms

leaderfounderdoyenne

Real-World Examples

“Her grandmother, the first woman his grandfather married, presided as matriarch over a farm where the wives lived together, and often helped choose the newcomers herself.”
BBC News · 14 Aug 2026
“She later became the matriarch of one of America’s best-known political families , including President John F.”
JSTOR Daily · 12 Aug 2026

Etymology

Of Latin origin, via or reinforced by Old French matriarche, from Latin māter (“mother”) + -archa, -arches, from Ancient Greek -άρχης (-árkhēs), from ἀρχός (arkhós, “chief”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin, rule, command”). By surface analysis, matri- + -arch.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

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