ENGLISH
REFERENCE

modal

n. countable
B2 Upper Intermediate US //ˈmoʊdəɫ// UK //mˈəʊdəl// modal

n. a special type of helping verb that shows things like ability, permission, or possibility. Common examples include 'can', 'must', and 'should'.

n. an auxiliary verb that expresses mood or modality, such as necessity, obligation, or potential. Typically precedes the main verb in its base form without 'to'.


SIMPLE

The word 'must' is a common modal.

CONTEXTUAL

When learning English, students often find it tricky to use modals correctly in the past tense.

COMPLEX

The speaker used a series of modals to soften the request, shifting from a direct command to a polite inquiry about the listener's availability.

Synonyms
Etymology 1

From Middle French modal, from Medieval Latin modālis (“pertaining to a mode”), from Latin modus (“mode”). Compare to French, Spanish, and Portuguese modal and Italian modale. By surface analysis, mod(e) + -al.

Etymology 2

A genericized trademark of Lenzing AG.

Usage

Typically followed by the bare infinitive of the main verb; does not take an '-s' in the third person singular.

Pitfall

I can to swimI can swimModals are followed by the bare infinitive, not the 'to-infinitive'.

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