English Reference
Noun

multiplier

n. countable
C1 Advanced US /ˈməɫtəˌpɫaɪɝ/ UK /mˈʌltɪplˌaɪə/ mul·ti·pli·er UK spelling multipliers Economics Grammar Physics

n.a number that you multiply another number by. In business or science, it also describes a factor that causes a much larger increase in a total result.

n.a quantity by which a given number is to be multiplied. In macroeconomics, it refers to a factor by which an initial change in spending causes a larger change in national income.


SIMPLE

In the equation 5 times 3, the number 3 is the multiplier.

CONTEXTUAL

Economists argue that government investment in infrastructure has a high multiplier effect on the local economy.

COMPLEX

The fiscal multiplier measures the ratio in which a change in government spending causes a change in the overall gross domestic product, reflecting the broader impact of initial capital injections.

Usage

Commonly used in the phrase 'multiplier effect' to describe a chain reaction of growth.

Climate change is "not the origin of these injustices, but a threat multiplier", he added.

BBC News· 24 Aug 2026

This reframes Florida’s position in fifth place, where its unusually large elderly driving population likely acts as a multiplier, helping contextualize why Texas and California remain in the upper tier.

Ars Technica· 3 Aug 2026

From multiply + -er.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated