English Reference
Adjective

murky

adj.
B2 Upper Intermediate US /ˈmɝki/ UK /mˈɜːki/ murky

adj.dark and dirty, making it hard to see through. It can describe water with mud in it or a situation that is not clear or honest.

adj.characterised by darkness, thickness, or dirt that obscures visibility. Often used figuratively to describe suspicious or morally ambiguous situations where the full truth is hidden.


SIMPLE

The lake water was too murky to see the bottom.

CONTEXTUAL

The company's murky financial history made investors nervous about the new merger.

COMPLEX

The investigation stalled as detectives navigated the murky waters of international espionage, where every lead seemed to dissolve into a web of conflicting interests and half-truths.

Usage

Commonly modifies nouns related to liquids (water, depths) or abstract concepts (past, details, world).

In small groups living in murky water, fish reached the food more quickly when they stayed close together and swam in the same direction.

Phys.org· 1 Sept 2026

From Middle English mirky. Related to Old Norse myrkr, Russian мрак (mrak) and its Slavic cognates. By surface analysis, murk + -y.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English mirky
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Occasional
Updated