English Reference

Word

paranoia

Phoneticspara·noia

US/ˌpɛɹəˈnɔɪə/

UK/pˈæɹənˌɔɪɐ/

Definitions

01irrational distrust

B2

n. an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are trying to harm you.

n. an intense, irrational suspicion or mistrust of others, often involving the belief that one is being targeted or persecuted.

“His paranoia made him believe that his colleagues were talking about him behind his back.”

“The dictator's growing paranoia led him to isolate himself from even his most loyal advisors, fearing a coup at every turn.”

Antonyms

02medical disorder

C1 · Medicine

n. a serious mental illness where a person has false beliefs that others are threatening them.

n. a clinical condition, historically classified as a psychotic disorder, characterized by systematized delusions of persecution or grandeur.

“The doctor explained that the patient's paranoia was a symptom of a deeper medical issue.”

“Clinical paranoia is distinguished from general anxiety by the presence of fixed, false beliefs that remain resistant to contradictory evidence.”

Technical

Usage

In modern clinical contexts, this is often referred to as delusional disorder.

Synonyms

delusional disorder

Real-World Examples

“Meanwhile, managing the social anxiety, second-guessing and paranoia is a separate concern.”
The Guardian · 21 Sept 2026

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παράνοια (paránoia, “madness”), from παράνοος (paránoos, “demented”), from παρά (pará, “beyond, beside”) + νόος (nóos, “mind, spirit”). By surface analysis, para- (“abnormal, beyond”) + nous (“mind”) + -ia (“(medical) condition”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

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