English Reference
adjective

pathetic

adj.
US /pəˈθɛtɪk/ UK /pɐθˈɛtɪk/ pa·thet·ic

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Informal

    so weak, small, or bad that it is embarrassing or annoying.

    arousing scorn or contempt through miserable inadequacy or lack of effort.

    Simple

    The team gave a pathetic performance and lost the game by five goals.

    In context

    The company's pathetic attempt to justify the price hike only served to further alienate its long-term customer base.

    Usage

    Often used as a strong insult to describe an excuse, an effort, or a person's character.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    making you feel deep sadness or pity.

    arousing pity, sympathy, or compassion; evocative of pathos.

    Simple

    The lost kitten looked pathetic shivering in the cold rain.

    In context

    The witness gave a pathetic account of the hardships faced by the refugees during the winter months.

    Teacher's tip

    While this sense is the original meaning, be aware that modern speakers often use 'pathetic' to mean 'useless' or 'contemptible' instead.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency Technical Medicine

    a technical word for a specific nerve or muscle in the eye.

    relating to the trochlear nerve or the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

    Simple

    The doctor checked the pathetic nerve to see if the patient's eye could move correctly.

    In context

    Damage to the pathetic nerve can result in vertical diplopia, significantly affecting the patient's ability to look downward and inward.

    trochlear

He cuts a pretty pathetic figure visually, too: geeky dress sense, feebly unassertive, his hair a mess.

The Guardian· 2 Sept 2026

From Middle French pathétique, from Latin patheticus, from Ancient Greek παθητικός (pathētikós, “subject to feeling, capable of feeling, impassioned”), from παθητός (pathētós, “one who has suffered, subject to suffering”), from πάσχω (páskhō, “to suffer”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated