ENGLISH
REFERENCE

persecution

n. C / U
C1 Advanced US //ˌpɝsəkˈjuʃən// UK //pˌɜːsɪkjˈuːʃən// per·se·cu·tion

n. unfair or cruel treatment of a group of people over a long time. This usually happens because of their religion, race, or political beliefs.

n. systematic hostility and ill-treatment of a person or group, especially on the grounds of religious or political beliefs, or ethnic identity.


SIMPLE

The family fled their country to escape religious persecution.

CONTEXTUAL

Historians have documented the systematic persecution of minority groups during the regime's decade in power.

COMPLEX

The legal framework was specifically designed to protect vulnerable populations from state-sponsored persecution and to ensure the right to peaceful assembly.

Origin

Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the general concept of ill-treatment; countable when referring to specific historical instances or campaigns.

© 2026 English Reference