English Reference
Noun

persecution

n. C / U
C1 Advanced US /ˌpɝsəkˈjuʃən/ UK /pˌɜːsɪkjˈuːʃən/ per·se·cu·tion UK spelling persecutions

n.unfair or cruel treatment of a group of people over a long time. This usually happens because of their religion, race, or political beliefs.

n.systematic hostility and ill-treatment of a person or group, especially on the grounds of religious or political beliefs, or ethnic identity.


SIMPLE

The family fled their country to escape religious persecution.

CONTEXTUAL

Historians have documented the systematic persecution of minority groups during the regime's decade in power.

COMPLEX

The legal framework was specifically designed to protect vulnerable populations from state-sponsored persecution and to ensure the right to peaceful assembly.

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the general concept of ill-treatment; countable when referring to specific historical instances or campaigns.

In 2017, then UN human rights chief Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein condemned the Myanmar military's persecution of the Rohingya who fled in their hundreds of thousands to neighbouring Bangladesh.

UN News· 11 Aug 2026

In her speech, she dismissed criminal cases against her as politically motivated and accused Bangladesh’s new government, led by Tarique Rahman, of economic mismanagement, political repression and persecution of her supporters.

The Guardian· 6 Aug 2026

Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin persequor
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated