Word
presumed
Phoneticspre·sumed, stress on the second syllable
US/pɹəˈzumd/
UK/pɹɪzjˈuːmd/
Definitions
01supposed or likely
B2 · Upper Intermediate
adj. thought to be true or certain, even though it has not been officially confirmed.
adj. accepted as true or probable based on strong inference, though lacking absolute verification.
“The presumed winner of the election began preparing his victory speech early.”
“Despite the lack of a body, the presumed death of the explorer was eventually accepted by the authorities after years of silence.”
02assumed to be true
B2 · Upper Intermediate
v. to have believed something was true because it seemed very likely.
v. the past tense and past participle of 'presume', indicating an assumption made on the basis of probability.
“I presumed you were coming to the party since your car was in the driveway.”
“The investigators presumed that the fire had started in the kitchen, though they waited for the forensic report to confirm their theory.”
Antonyms
Real-World Examples
“Rather than relying only on the size, anatomy or presumed hunting abilities of extinct animals, researchers can use the marks left on bones to identify signs of actual feeding or attacks.” “Then, she compared those presumed connections with their actual lists of friends.” - Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- B2 · Upper Intermediate
- Updated
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