English Reference

Word

public

Phoneticspub·lic, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈpəbɫɪk/

UK/pˈʌblɪk/

Irregular verb

Forms

Infinitive

public

Past

publicked

Past participle

publicked

Definitions

01available to everyone

A2 · Elementary

adj. describes something that anyone can use or visit, often paid for by the government.

adj. open to all members of a community; specifically, provided by national or local authorities and supported by taxation.

“The city built a new public library where anyone can borrow books for free.”

“The administration argued that public infrastructure projects should be prioritised over private developments to ensure equitable access for all citizens.”

Synonyms

communalstate-ownedopen

02not secret

B1 · Intermediate

adj. happening where people can see it, or known by many people.

adj. happening without concealment; open to general view or known by the community at large.

“The company made a public apology after their mistake was reported in the news.”

“The CEO's public statement was carefully drafted to reassure shareholders without admitting legal liability for the recent data breach.”

Synonyms

03official role

B2 · Upper Intermediate Formal

adj. related to a person's job or official life, rather than their private life.

adj. pertaining to a person in their formal or official capacity as opposed to their personal life.

“The minister tried to keep his family life separate from his public duties.”

“Maintaining a distinction between one's public persona and private identity is increasingly difficult in the era of constant social media surveillance.”

Antonyms

04the people in general

A2 · Elementary Uncountable noun Sociology

n. the people of a country or community in general.

n. the members of the community or the people in general, regardless of membership in specific groups.

“The museum is now open to the public every day of the week.”

“The government must balance the need for national security with the public's right to access information regarding environmental safety.”

05an audience

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a group of people who follow or watch a particular artist, writer, or performer.

n. a specific demographic or group of people who support or follow a particular individual or creative work.

“The young singer has a very loyal public that buys all her albums.”

“The author struggled to satisfy his public while simultaneously experimenting with a radical new narrative style that alienated long-time readers.”

06in the presence of others

B1 · Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. a place or situation where other people can see or hear you.

n. the state of being in the presence of spectators or the general population.

“It is considered rude to shout at your friends in public.”

“The celebrity rarely appeared in public without a security detail to manage the inevitable crowds of photographers.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

07programming

C1 · Advanced Computing Technical

adj. describes a part of a computer program that can be used by any other part.

adj. denotes an object or variable accessible to the program in general, rather than being restricted to a specific class.

“You should make this variable public so other classes can access the data.”

“The developer decided to change the method from private to public to allow for better integration with the third-party API.”

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “public” in context.

01. general public

Usage

Usually takes a singular verb, though it can take a plural verb in British English when referring to the individuals within the group.

Pitfall

The publics are happy.

The public is happy.

When referring to the general population, the word is uncountable and does not take a plural form.

Word family

NOUN

Public(A2)

Idioms

Domains

BusinessEducationSociology

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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English Reference