English Reference

Word

rational

Phoneticsra·tio·nal, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈɹæʃənəɫ/

UK/ɹˈæʃənəl/

Definitions

01logical and sensible

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. based on clear thinking and facts rather than emotions.

adj. based on or in accordance with reason or logic; exhibiting intellectual soundness.

“We need to have a rational discussion about the budget instead of getting angry.”

“The committee attempted to reach a rational conclusion by weighing the statistical evidence against the projected long-term costs.”

02capable of reasoning

C1 · Advanced Academic

adj. having the ability to think, understand, and use logic.

adj. possessing the capacity for reason; often used to distinguish humans from other animals in philosophical contexts.

“Aristotle famously described humans as rational animals.”

“The debate centered on whether artificial intelligence could ever truly be considered a rational agent with its own intent.”

Antonyms

03math/ratios

B2 · Upper Intermediate Mathematics Technical

adj. describing a number that can be shown as a simple fraction.

adj. relating to or being a number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers.

“The number 0.75 is rational because it can be written as three-quarters.”

“The proof demonstrates that while the square root of two is irrational, its square is a rational integer.”

Antonyms

04a rational number

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Mathematics Technical

n. a number that can be expressed as one integer divided by another.

n. a rational number; any value that can be represented as a ratio of two integers where the denominator is not zero.

“In this equation, x must be a rational rather than an irrational number.”

“The set of rationals is dense, meaning that between any two distinct rational numbers, there exists another rational.”

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “rational” in context.

Adjective

01. rational approach

“We need to take a rational approach to the problem instead of letting our emotions dictate our response.”

adj + noun

02. rational basis

“The judge ruled that there was no rational basis for the company's discriminatory hiring policy.”

adj + noun

03. rational decision

“After weighing all the pros and cons, she finally made a rational decision about her career path.”

adj + noun

04. appreciation rational

Real-World Examples

“Schiller explains our sensuous and rational nature in terms of “drives”: the “sensuous drive,” rooted in feeling, and the “formal drive,” grounded in reason.”
JSTOR Daily 5 Aug 2026
“This can be a more rational choice - fans might relate to the club's story, their culture and values, or simply like their kit.”
BBC News 15 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Old French rationel, rational, from Latin rationalis (“of or belonging to reason, rational, reasonable; having a ratio”), from ratio (“reason; calculation”).

From Old French rational, from Medieval Latin rationale (“a pontifical stole, a pallium, an ornament worn over the chasuble”), neuter of Latin rationalis (“rational”), for which see the first etymology. Translation of λογεῖον (logeîon) or perhaps λόγιον (lógion, “oracle”) in the Septuagint version of Exodus 28.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

rational(C1)

Domains

ChemistryMathematics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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