English Reference
adjective · noun

reciprocal

adj. · n.
US /ɹɪˈsɪpɹəkəɫ/ UK /ɹɪsˈɪpɹəkəl/ re·cip·ro·cal UK spelling reciprocals

  1. 01 C1 Advanced Formal

    adj.describes a feeling or action that is shared by two people or groups; if you do something for someone, they do the same for you.

    adj.describing a relationship, feeling, or action that is mutual and experienced or performed by each party toward the other.

    Simple

    The two countries signed a reciprocal trade agreement to help both their economies.

    In context

    Although they were competitors, there was a reciprocal respect between the two scientists that allowed for productive collaboration.

    mutualtwo wayshared
    one sidedunilateral
  2. 02 C2 Proficiency Technical Law

    adj.describes words like 'each other' that show two people are doing the same thing to one another.

    adj.denoting a pronoun or verb that expresses a mutual action or relationship between the subject and the object.

    Simple

    In the sentence 'They helped each other,' the phrase 'each other' is a reciprocal pronoun.

    In context

    The linguist noted that the language lacks a distinct reciprocal verb form, relying instead on reflexive markers to convey mutual action.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Technical Math

    n.the number you get when you divide 1 by another number.

    n.the mathematical value obtained by dividing one by a given quantity, or by inverting a fraction.

    Simple

    The reciprocal of 2 is 0.5, and the reciprocal of 5 is 1/5.

    In context

    To divide by a fraction, the student must first determine its reciprocal and then perform a multiplication.

On Monday, Trump's tariff threats to Canada's auto industry followed Carney declaring the country would counter his levies with reciprocal tariffs on US goods "dollar for dollar".

BBC News· 25 Aug 2026

The attraction between the Paris-born 43-year-old and the camera tends to be reciprocal.

The Guardian· 28 Aug 2026

From Latin reciprocus, possibly from a phrase such as reque proque (“back and forth, to and fro”), from re- (“back”), prō (“forwards”) and -que (“and”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin reciprocus
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated