ENGLISH
REFERENCE

refractory

n.
C1 Advanced US //ɹəˈfɹæktɝi// UK //ɹɪfɹˈæktəɹˌi// re·frac·to·ry

n. a substance that does not react with another substance or does not follow a normal pattern. In medicine, it describes a condition that does not respond to standard treatment.

n. a substance that does not undergo a chemical reaction or does not conform to a standard pattern. In a medical context, it refers to a condition or patient that fails to respond to a standard therapeutic intervention.


SIMPLE

The doctor tried a new medicine for the refractory condition.

CONTEXTUAL

After several rounds of standard chemotherapy, the patient was diagnosed with a refractory form of the disease that required a more aggressive approach.

COMPLEX

The study focused on refractory cases where conventional antibiotics failed to clear the infection, suggesting that the bacteria had developed a unique resistance mechanism not seen in other strains.

Synonyms
Origin

From Latin refractārius (“obstinate”), from refractus, past participle of refringere (“to break up”). Originally refractary, refractarie, but reanalysed after other adjectives in -ory.

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