English Reference
Adjective

rife

adj.
C1 Advanced US /ˈɹaɪf/ UK /ɹˈaɪf/ rife

adj.describes something bad or unpleasant that is very common or happens everywhere. You use it when a problem is spreading out of control.

adj.describing the widespread or prevalent occurrence of something undesirable. Often used predicatively with the preposition 'with' to indicate being full of something harmful.


SIMPLE

The city's government is rife with corruption.

CONTEXTUAL

Speculation about the company's potential bankruptcy was rife among investors after the CEO suddenly resigned.

COMPLEX

The historical manuscript was rife with errors, suggesting that the scribe had been working in haste or lacked the necessary linguistic training to transcribe the original text accurately.

Usage

Often follows the linking verb 'be' and is frequently followed by the preposition 'with'.

Pitfall
The garden was rife with flowers.The garden was full of flowers.

Rife has a negative connotation; it is used for problems, rumors, or diseases, not for pleasant things.

Concern over the security of Europe's largest nuclear plant has been rife since Russia launched its full-scale war.

Al Jazeera· 18 Aug 2026

The hit TV show confirms that sports lore is rife with powerful hexes.

The Guardian· 9 Aug 2026

From Middle English rife, from Old English rīfe, rȳfe (“rife, abundant, frequent”), from Proto-West Germanic rīb, from Proto-Germanic rībaz (“generous”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear (off), rip”). Cognate with West Frisian rju (“rife, much”), Dutch rijf (“abundant, copious”), Low German rive (“abundant, munificent”), Icelandic rífur (“rife, munificent”), Faroese ríviligur (“plentiful, abundant”), Faroese rívan (“abundantly”), Icelandic reifa (“to bestow”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *h₁reyp-
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Occasional
Updated