English Reference

Word

russian

Phoneticsrus·sian

/ˈɹəʃən/

Definitions

01a person

A1

n. a person from Russia.

n. a citizen of Russia or a person of Russian ethnic descent.

“She met a friendly Russian while she was traveling through Europe.”

“The delegation included a prominent Russian who had spent decades working in international diplomacy.”

02the language

A1

n. the language that people speak in Russia.

n. the East Slavic language spoken primarily in Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union.

“He is learning to speak Russian because he wants to work in Moscow.”

“Although the grammar is complex, many students find that learning Russian opens up a vast world of classical literature.”

Usage

Uncountable when referring to the language itself.

03relating to Russia

A1

adj. coming from or related to Russia.

adj. of or pertaining to Russia, its people, its culture, or its language.

“We went to a local restaurant to try some traditional Russian food.”

“The museum houses an extensive collection of Russian art, ranging from medieval icons to modern avant-garde paintings.”

04a type of sausage

B2 · Cooking

n. a type of spicy sausage popular in South Africa.

n. a specific variety of precooked, spicy sausage commonly sold in South Africa, derived from Eastern European kolbasa.

“He ordered a portion of chips and a Russian for lunch.”

“In South African fast-food culture, a 'Russian and chips' is a ubiquitous and affordable meal option.”

Dialect

Teaching tip

This sense is specific to South African English; outside of this region, people will assume you are talking about a person.

Synonyms

05a gun

C2

n. a slang word for a gun.

n. a slang term for a firearm, specifically associated with gang culture and a preference for Russian-made weapons.

“The lyrics of the song mentioned someone carrying a Russian.”

“The detective noted that the term 'Russian' was frequently used in intercepted communications to refer to illicit firearms.”

Slang · Vulgar

Teaching tip

This is highly specific street slang; avoid using it in any standard or professional context.

Synonyms

Etymology

From Medieval Latin (11th century) Russiānus, from Russia, a Latinization of the Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ)) + -ānus (“of or pertaining to”). Attested in English (both as a noun and as an adjective) from the 16th century. By surface analysis, Russia + -an. Piecewise doublet of Rossiyan.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry

Level
A1 · Beginner
Frequency
Very common
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/russian

English Reference